Supply Air Ducts: These ducts carry conditioned air from the HVAC unit to different zones or rooms within the building. They are designed to maintain airflow rates and deliver the desired temperature and humidity levels.

Return Air Ducts: Return air ducts transport air from the building back to the HVAC unit for reconditioning. This helps maintain a proper balance of air in the system and enables efficient heating, cooling, and filtration.

Registers and Grilles: Registers and grilles are openings in the walls, floors, or ceilings where conditioned air is released into the indoor spaces. They can be adjustable to control the direction and volume of airflow, ensuring proper air distribution.

Diffusers: Diffusers are devices attached to the end of ducts or air supply outlets to distribute air evenly into the space. They can help spread air in a specific pattern to promote comfort and efficiency.

Dampers: Dampers are adjustable plates or valves within ducts that control airflow. They can be manually or automatically adjusted to regulate the volume of air going to specific areas, allowing for zoned temperature control.

Plenums: Plenums are chambers or boxes connected to ducts where air is collected or distributed. They help ensure a smooth transition of air between the HVAC unit and the ducts.

Insulation: Duct insulation is crucial to prevent heat gain or loss and to maintain the desired temperature of the conditioned air as it travels through the ductwork.

Balancing Dampers: These dampers are used to balance the airflow in the system, ensuring that each room or zone receives the appropriate amount of conditioned air.

Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems: VAV systems adjust the volume of air supplied to different zones based on heating and cooling needs. This promotes energy efficiency by providing precise control over airflow and temperature.